POINTS TO REMEMBER

. The Bahmani and the Vijayanagar were the two great empires that arose in the Deccan after the end of the Sultanate.
. The control over Raichur Doab was the main issue which resulted in the long Bahmani-Vijayanagar struggle.
. The Bahmani kingdom was founded by Hasan Gangu
(later known as Bahman Shah) in 1347 with Gulbarga
as its capital.
. Ahmad Shah of the Bahmani kingdom shifted the capital
from Gulbarga to Bidar.
. Mahmud Gawan was the famous Bahmani prime min­
ister during the reign of Humayun.
. Berar, Bidar, Ahmadnagar, Golconda and Bijapur were
the five kingdoms that arose in the Deccan after the fall
of the Bahmani kingdom.
. The Nizam Shahi dynasty in Ahmadnagar was founded by Malik Ahmad, who adopted the title of Ahmad Nizam Shah. Malik Ahmad also founded the city of Ahmadnagar.
. Chand Bibi, who fought against the Mughals, and Malik
Amber, an Abyssinian minister, belonged to Ahmadnagar.
. The Qutb Shahi dynasty in Golconda was founded by
Quli Qutb Shah' in 1512, with Golconda as its capital.
. The Adil Shahi dynasty in Bijapur was founded by
Yusub Adil Shah. Ibrahim Adil Shah was the greatest
Adil Shahi king.
. The Vijayanagar dynasty was founded by Harihara and
Bukka with the aid of two scholars-Vidyaratna and
Sayana.
. Abdur Razzaq, a Persian traveller, visited Vijayanagar
during the rule of Deva Raya II.
. The Tuluva dynasty-to which Krishnadeva Raya be­
longed-in Vijayanagar was founded by Vira Narsirnha.
. Krishnadeva Raya gave Albuquerque, the Portuguese
ambassador, the permission to build a fort at Bhatkal.
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. Nicolo Conti visited Vijayanagar in 1420.
. The Vijayanagar forces were defeated at Bannihatti near
Talikota in 1565 by the joint forces of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar. With this defeat came the end of the Vijayanagar empire.
. The Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagar was founded by
Thirumala after the battle of Talikota in 1565.
. The village self-government in Vijayanagar empire fol­
lowed the Chola traditions.
. The Sharqi dynasty in Jaunpur was founded by Malik
Sarwar. Shan:tS-ud-din Ibrahim (1401-1440) was the great­
est ruler of this dynasty. . Mahmud Khan founded the Khalji dynasty of Malwa. . Ahmad Shah I, who ruled Gujarat during 1411-1442,
founded the city of Ahmedabad.
. Rana Kumbha Karan (popularly known as 'Kumbha'), who ruled Mewar between 1538 and 1568, built the famous 'Victory Tower' or 'Vijaya Stambha' at Chittor to celebrate his victory over Malwa.
. Mewar recognised the Mughal suzerainty in the times
of Jahangir in 1615.
. Amber, ruled by the Kachhawaha Rajputs, was the first
Rajput state to accept Mughal overlordship.
. Shah Khan (1420-1470), who assumed the title of Zain­
ul-Abidin, is known as the "Akbar of Kashmir".
. The Mughal emperor Akbar annexed Kashmir from the
Chakk tribe in 1586.
. The Mahabharata was translated into Bengali under the
patronage of Ala-ud-din Hussain Shah, who ruled in
Bengal during 1493-1519.
. The Jagannath temple at Puri was built by Anantavarman
Choda Ganga (1076-1148).
. Govinda founded the Bhoi dynasty, which ruled up to
1559, in Orissa.
. Sukapha founded the rule of Ahoms, originally belong­
.ing to north Burma, in Kamarupa and Assam. SUhungmung, who reigned as Svarga Narayan, was the greatest Ahom king.
. In 1338, Malik Raja founded the Farukki dynasty in
Khandesh.
. The Gujarat architecture, a synthesis of Islamic and Jain
styles, was the most elegant of all provincial architec­
tures.
. The construction of Char Minar in Hyderabad is attrib­
uted to the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda.
. Meenakshi-Sundareshwara temple at Madurai was built
by Thirumalai Nayak of Vijayanagar in mid-17th cen­
tury.
. Malik Muhammad Jaisi, 'author of Padmavat, belonged
to Jaunpur, known as the 'Shiraz of the East'.
. Sayana, the commentator of the Vedas, lived in the courts
of Vijayanagar kings.
. 'Amuktamalyada' was written in Telugu by Krishnadeva
Raya. The Astadiggajas, a group of eight Telugu poets,
lived in the court of Krishnadeva Raya.
. Rana Kumbha of Mewar wrote commentaries on
Jayadeva's Gita Govinda and Chandishatak.
. Ahmad Shah I was the first and last ruler of Gujarat
who imposed jaziya on the Hindus.
. Ahmad Shah I of Bahmani is also called a saint, waU,
due to his association with Gesu Daraz, the famous sufi saint.
. Dalucha (a Mongol) ransacked Kashmir in 1320 and amassed a huge booty. This was the first incident wt1en the myth of the invincibility of Kashmir could be shattered.
. Nayalalr and ayagar systems were the backbones of the
Vijayanagar power.
. The Bahmani kingdom was divided.-into -tarafs (prov­
inces) headed by tarafdars.
. The Bahmani administration followed the administrative
structure of the Delhi Sultanate.
. The commander of the Bahmani army was called amir­
ul-umara.
. Kitab-i-Nauras, an authoritative book on music, was
written by the Bijapur Sultan, Ibrahim Adil Shah II, also
known as abla baba (Friends of the Poor) and Jagat Guru.
. The Nayakwaris were the important military-cum-Ianded
elements in the Qutb Shahi rule in Golconda.
. The growth of Urdu in its Dakhini form was a significant
development during the reign of Quli Qutb Shah, a
contemporary of Akbar.
. Ibrahim Rauza and Gol Gumbaz (largest single dome
ever constructed) are the most famous buildings con­
structed by the Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur.